It’s Official: To Protect Baby’s Brain, Turn Off TV
By Brandon Keim October 18, 2011
A decade ago, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggested that parents
limit TV consumption by children under two years of age. The recommendations
were based as much on common sense as science, because studies of media
consumption and infant development were themselves in their infancy.
The research has finally grown up. And though it’s still ongoing, it’s
mature enough for the AAP to release a new, science-heavy policy statement
on babies watching television, videos or any other passive media form.
Their verdict: It’s not good, and probably bad.
Media, whether playing in the background or designed explicitly as an infant
educational tool, «have potentially negative effects and no known positive
effects for children younger than 2 years,» concluded the AAP’s report,
released Oct. 18 at the Academy’s annual meeting in Boston and scheduled for
November publication in the journal Pediatrics. «Although infant/toddler
programming might be entertaining, it should not be marketed as or presumed
by parents to be educational.»
Since the AAP made its original recommendations in 1999, passive
entertainment screens – televisions, DVD players, computers streaming video
– have become ubiquitous, and the average 12-month-old gets between one and
two hours of screen time per day. (Interactive screens, such as iPads and
other tablets, are considered in the new recommendations.) The 0- to 2-year
age group has become a prime target for commercial educational programming,
often used by parents convinced that it’s beneficial.
As screens proliferated, so did research. «There have been about 50 studies
that have come out on media use by children in this age group between 1999
and now,» said Ari Brown, a pediatrician and member of the AAP committee
that wrote the new report.
Those studies have found that children don’t really understand what’s
happening on a screen until they’re about 2 years old. Once they do, media
can be good for them, but until then television is essentially a
mesmerizing, glowing box.
Used at night, TV might help kids fall asleep, but that appears to come at a
delayed cost of subsequent sleep disturbances and irregularities. While the
result of TV-induced sleep problems hasn’t been directly studied, poor sleep
in infants is generally linked to problems with mood, behavior and learning.
At other times, media consumption comes with opportunity costs, foremost
among them the silence of parents. «While television is on, there’s less
talking, and talk time is very important in language development,» said
Brown.
‘The way these kids’ programs came out was, ‘These are really educational!’
Well that’s great, but prove it. Show me the science.’Three studies since
1999 have tracked educational television use and language development, and
they found a link between increased TV time and developmental delays.
Whether that’s a cause or effect – parents who leave kids in front of
televisions might simply be poor teachers – isn’t clear, nor are the
long-term effects, but the AAP called the findings «concerning.» In the same
vein, there may also be a link to attention problems.
Even when media plays in the background, it distracts babies from play, an
activity that is known to have deep developmental benefits. And for parents
who use media to carve out a few precious, necessary free minutes in busy
schedules, Brown recommended letting kids entertain themselves.
«We know you can’t spend 24 hours a day reading to your child and playing
with them. That’s okay. What’s also okay is your child playing
independently,» she said. «That’s valuable time. They’re problem-solving.
They’re using their imagination, thinking creatively and entertaining
themselves.»
As for iPads and other kid-friendly interactive computing devises, Brown
said research has barely started, much less come to conclusions. But she
counseled skepticism of promotional claims, which have been made with some
of the same zeal as products of now-dubious standing, such as the
controversial Baby Einstein videos.
«The way these kids’ programs came out was, ‘These are really educational!
They’re going to help your kids learn!’ Well that’s great, but prove it.
Show me the science,» Brown said. «I don’t have a problem with touch
screens, and they’re not necessarily bad. But we need to understand how this
affects kids.»
Image: Yoshihide Nomamura/Flickr
Citation: «Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years.» By the American
Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media Executive
Committee. Pediatrics, Vol 128 No. 5, November 2011.
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/10/infant-tv-guidelines/
Blog de Octavio Islas 